Early days:
C.N. Annadurai who is affectionately called by Tamil people Aringar Anna, was born at Kanchipuram on 15th day of September, 1909. After finishing his high school studies at Kanchipuram Annadurai joined and obtained his Masters degree by 1934. Highly attracted by Tamil literature he learned thoroughly Tamil literature, Puranams and other literature he learned thoroughly Tamil literature, Puranams and other literatures of the world. He got married to Rani in 1930 when he was doing his college studies.
His Involvement in Politics:
Involving himself completely in politics and socio religious reforms Annadurai joined the Justice party and tried hard for the growth of the party. After he had served the party for some time Annadurai found that the principles of the Justice Party were unsuitable for him. He decided to withdraw himself from the party. Then fascinated by the self-respect movement of E.V.R. he joined D.K.
Dravida Kazagam & Annadurai:
When he had left the Justice party, he linked himself with E.V.R. and put forth utmost efforts for the formation and growth of D.K. D.K had given more importance to social reforms than politics. It opposed the domination of Brahmins who were responsible for the political, social and economical discrimination. This party kindled the youngsters and tried to put an end to the superstitious beliefs through speeches and literary publications.
Untiringly working for the renaissance in Tamil land. Annadurai protested against Hindu Varna principles, and the atrocities in the name of religion through his speeches, writing and actions. His eloquent speeches in Tamil were a feast to the ear of the Tamil people and his writings became sumptuous meals of Tamil youth.
In the D.K conference held at in 1944, it was resolved to demand separate Dravidanadu, Annadurai who worked under E.V.R as secretary of D.K., held a typical style in his speeches and attracted the mass by his eloquence. He published his valuable opinion against the domination of Brahims and superstitions adopted by the people ein the weekly magazine, ‘Dravidanadu’. He also published books like ‘Kamparasam’ and ‘Ariya Mayai’ which protested Brahminism and attractive books like ‘Romapuri Ranigal’. He expressed his vie that the phrase united was used to cheat the Tamils. He revolted against the compulsory enforcement of Hindi at the South saying that it was a trial to bring the Tamils under the supremacy of the North.
Formation of D.M.K.:
In spite of his mentioning the E.V.R. was the only leader, Annadurai had continuous difference of opinion with E.V.R. In 5 August, 1947, when became free E.V.R. demanded that day to be observed as ‘black day’, which was protested by Annadurai. In 1948, E.V.R. got married to 28 old Maniammai at his 72 for the protection of the properties owned by DK. This caused disunity among the disciples of the party. Hence, Annadurai with E.V.K. Sambath, Nedunchzhiyan and K.K. Neelamekam detached from D.K. and formed a new party D.M.K. by September, 1949.
The Growth of D.M.K:
M. Karunanithi, E.V.R, Sambath, N.V. Nadarajan, Madiyazhan, Raghavanandam, Chatic Patcha dn Anbil Dharmalingam put forth their persistant efforts under the leadership of C.N. Annadurai for the growth of D.M.K., M.G. Ramachandran formed and integral part in the growth of the party. Anna, with his eloquent speeches and indomitable writing attracted the youngsters for the work of the party. He also wrote the stage dramas like Needidevan Mayakkam and Chandra Mohan. He released cinemas like Velayakari and Oriravu. The above said dramas and cinemas kindled the awakening of the people. Expressing its desire for “Dravidanadu’. D.M.K. involved itself in several struggles against Brahmin domination and compulsory Hindi introduction and for social reforms so as to inculcate self-respect in the minds of Tamil people. One train picketing struggle was launched to change the name Dalmiyapuram as Kallakudi; in which M. Karunanithi lay on the rails to stop the train. In continuation of this, struggle was launched against the communal educational scheme introduced by Rajaji. As a result of this prominent leaders like Annadurai and several disciples were arrested and put in prison.
Anna as an Administrator:
Becoming popular through caste and language doctrines D.M.K. participated election in 1957 and got only fifteen seats. The number of seats obtained by D.M.K. was raised to 50 in the election of 1962. In these circumstances the compulsory trusting of Hindi by congress government was protested by D.M.K. by a riot in 1965, participated by students of schools and colleges. In the election of 1967, D.M.K. supported by Rajaji formed a coalition of 8 parties and obtained 138 seats. The D.M.K got majority seats in the election. C.N. Annadurai assumed power as the Chief Minister of Tamilnadu on 6th March, 1967.
The ministry of Anna:
When Annadurai became chief minister of Tamilnadu, he selected efficient candidates who were fond of Dravida race and formed his ministry. Its members were R. Nedumchezhiyan, M.Karunanithi, Mathiyazakan, Govindaswamy, Sathiyavanimuthu, Madavan, Sthiekpatcha and S. Ramachandran. M.G.R. was deeply involved in the spreading of party doctrines among the people. Hence D.M.K. party grew like a banyan tree.
Scheme of ‘Padiyarichi’:
Being the CM of Madras State Anna had introduced many welfare schemes for the people. One among them was the scheme of ‘Padiyarichi’ which the party had promised during its election proclamations. People expected this scheme to be implemented all over Tamilnadu during the administration of D.M.K. But due to economic crisis the government was able to implement the scheme one measure per rupee only in and cities. The opposition parties severely criticized and opposed this scheme.
Mother Tongue Scheme:
When DMK administration was established in Tamilnadu separate ‘Dravid Nadu’ demand was thrust through several struggles. But with the compulsory introduction of Hindi in Tamilnadu Annadurai was forced to forego the above demand and strengthened the scheme of Tamil language protection. Moreover, he insisted the central government to give more powers to the states. So that there could be permanent and steady administration. Showing more interest in the growth of Tamil language, DMK was determined to name the places in Tamil instead of English. With the result of this was known to the Tamilnadu and secretariat was known to the ‘Talami Cheyalakam’ etc. particularly the principle of Tamil everywhere and “Tamil in anything” was adopted by this government.
His Foreign Tour:
Chief Minister Annadurai visited foreign lands at the request of the Tamil people in these countries. He visited and took the pleasure of conversing with Tamil experts there. He delivered a speech in the at . And he was given an award for that; thereby established the fame of Tamil land in . In 1968, he was honored with the Doctor’s Degree by .
The Demise of Annadurai:
Attaining a permanent place in the hearts of Tamil people by two years of Administration Anna was affected with dangerous cancer. He died on 3 February, 1969 in spite of the advanced treatment provided for him. His body was buried at beach and a Memorial was erected there. Just after his death Nedunchezhian became the interim CM. But soon M. Karunanithi became the CM of Tamilnadu, as he was supported by the majority of leaders in DMK.
Conclusion:
Being a great scholar of both English and Tamil and political expertise held on un diminishing place in the hearts of Tamil people by simplicity, love toward everybody and his efficiency to keep DMK party as a family. Annadurai can never be forgotten by anybody for his eloquent speeches, scholarly writing and progressive thinking. His fame lives everlastingly through the social, linguistic awakening that he inculcated in the Tamil people.
1 comment:
Well leader of Tamilnadu
Post a Comment